北京
2025年諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎得主
（圖片來源：諾獎官網）
北京時間10月6日下午5點30分，瑞典皇家科學院宣布將2025年諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎授予：Mary E. Brunkow, Frederick J. Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi。
獲獎理由
2025年諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎授予“關于外周免疫耐受的發現”（for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance）。
獲獎理由
NOBEL PRIZE
They discovered how the immune system is kept in check.
The body’s powerful immune system must be regulated, or it may attack our own organs. Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi are awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2025 for their groundbreaking discoveries concerning
peripheral immune tolerancethat prevents the immune system from harming the body.
Every day, our immune system protects us from thousands of different microbes trying to invade our bodies. These all have different appearances, and many have developed similarities with human cells as a form of camouflage. So how does the immune system determine what it should attack and what it should defend?
Mary Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi are awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2025 for their fundamental discoveries relating to peripheral immune tolerance. The laureates identified the immune system’s security guards, regulatory T cells, which prevent immune cells from attacking our own body.
“Their discoveries have been decisive for our understanding of how the immune system functions and why we do not all develop serious autoimmune diseases,” says Olle K?mpe, chair of the Nobel Committee.
Shimon Sakaguchi was swimming against the tide in 1995, when he made the first key discovery. At the time, many researchers were convinced that immune tolerance only developed due to potentially harmful immune cells being eliminated in the thymus, through a process called central tolerance. Sakaguchi showed that the immune system is more complex and discovered a previously unknown class of immune cells, which protect the body from autoimmune diseases.
Mary Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell made the other key discovery in 2001, when they presented the explanation for why a specific mouse strain was particularly vulnerable to autoimmune diseases. They had discovered that the mice have a mutation in a gene that they named Foxp3. They also showed that mutations in the human equivalent of this gene cause a serious autoimmune disease, IPEX.
Two years after this, Shimon Sakaguchi was able to link these discoveries. He proved that the Foxp3 gene governs the development of the cells he identified in 1995. These cells, now known as regulatory T cells, monitor other immune cells and ensure that our immune system tolerates our own tissues.
The laureates’ discoveries launched the field of peripheral tolerance, spurring the development of medical treatments for cancer and autoimmune diseases. This may also lead to more successful transplantations. Several of these treatments are now undergoing clinical trials.
獲獎人詳細信息
NOBEL PRIZE
Mary E. Brunkow，1961年出生。美國普林斯頓大學博士。美國西雅圖系統生物學研究所高級項目經理
Fred Ramsdell，1960年出生。1987年獲得美國加州大學洛杉磯分校博士學位。現任美國舊金山索諾瑪生物治療公司科學顧問。
Shimon Sakaguchi，1951年生。1976年獲得日本京都大學醫學博士學位，1983年獲得博士學位。日本大阪大學免疫學前沿研究中心杰出教授。
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