民宿酒店案例 | 大連東關(guān)街歷史史館保護(hù)改造：見證大連百年變遷的歷史保護(hù)建筑

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項(xiàng)目背景 | RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

一處西崗東關(guān)街，半部大連近代史。大連的東關(guān)街，其歷史可追溯至上世紀(jì)二十年代。依據(jù)《西崗文史資料》記載，在大連青泥洼橋以西、北京街北段，有一處隆起的小土崗，被百姓俗稱為“小崗子”。大連先后淪為俄、日殖民地，小崗子逐漸發(fā)展成為大連的“中國(guó)商業(yè)街”，后更名為東關(guān)街。受歷史影響，東關(guān)街的建筑獨(dú)具歷史風(fēng)貌，多為日式與歐式建筑相結(jié)合的風(fēng)格，是大連百年變遷的縮影，見證了大連人民百年的奮斗歷程，也是老大連人心中難以忘懷的鄉(xiāng)愁，承載著不可復(fù)制的建筑記憶。

本案坐落于大連東關(guān)街西崗街24號(hào)，始建于二十世紀(jì)二十年代，是大連百年歷史變遷的見證者，被列為歷史保護(hù)建筑。因其獨(dú)特的歷史背景，該建筑外觀呈現(xiàn)出日式仿歐風(fēng)格，而內(nèi)部空間則采用了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的合院布局。建筑外立面采用花崗巖門楣、紅磚以及復(fù)古門窗和歐式雕花裝飾；內(nèi)部設(shè)有明亮的天井，構(gòu)成了其獨(dú)有的建筑特色。每一塊磚瓦都仿佛在向人們講述著東關(guān)街的歷史故事，展現(xiàn)了這座百年歷史建筑的文化魅力。二層磚木混合結(jié)構(gòu)的建筑，屬于集合式院落民居。四周建筑圍合形成庭院空間，庭院采用外廊式結(jié)構(gòu)，二層構(gòu)建了一圈室外走廊，其末端設(shè)有樓梯通向一層庭院，這是典型的東關(guān)街建筑風(fēng)格。現(xiàn)場(chǎng)勘測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn)，露天庭院曾經(jīng)過改造，加建了玻璃頂，從而由露天庭院轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槭覂?nèi)中庭。在過去的百年中，由于空間功能變化多端且未進(jìn)行統(tǒng)一整理，導(dǎo)致空間顯得雜亂無章、無序且破舊。

A Xigang Dongguan Street, half of Dalian modern history. The history of Dongguan Street in Dalian can be traced back to the 1920s. According to "Xigang Cultural and Historical Data" records, in the west of Dalian Qingniwa Bridge, the north section of Beijing Street, there is a small raised hill, commonly known as "small gang Zi". Dalian was successively colonized by Russia and Japan, and Xiaogangzi gradually developed into Dalian's "Chinese Commercial Street", which was later renamed Dongguan Street. Influenced by history, the buildings of Dongguan Street have unique historical features, mostly in the style of combining Japanese and European architecture, which is the epitome of the century-old changes of Dalian, witnessing the century-old struggle of Dalian people, and also the unforgettable nostalgia in the hearts of old Dalian people, carrying the unreplicable architectural memory.

This case is located in No. 24 Xigang Street, Dongguan Street, Dalian, was built in the 1920s, is a witness of Dalian's century-old historical changes, listed as a historical protection building. Due to its unique historical background, the exterior of the building presents a Japanese imitation of European style, while the interior space adopts a traditional Chinese courtyard layout. The facade of the building is decorated with granite lintels, red bricks, retro doors and Windows and European carvings. The interior has bright patios, which constitute its unique architectural character. Every brick seems to tell the historical story of Dongguan Street to people, showing the cultural charm of this century-old building.

設(shè)計(jì)思路 | RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

大連東關(guān)街的百年歷史建筑，在修繕與更新時(shí)面臨的首要難題是：在嚴(yán)苛的歷史建筑保護(hù)規(guī)定下，如何做到不破壞原有建筑外形、結(jié)構(gòu)以及展現(xiàn)歷史印記的墻面，同時(shí)處理好“新”與“舊”的關(guān)系，恢復(fù)其往日繁華與活力。在此過程中，需遵循歷史脈絡(luò)并尊重古建筑風(fēng)貌。該建筑的中庭作為空間核心，視覺上敞亮開闊，獨(dú)特的外廊結(jié)構(gòu)將整體空間串聯(lián)起來，其立面老磚墻體處于歷史建筑保護(hù)范圍內(nèi)。

對(duì)外廊木梁結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行修繕保留，對(duì)老磚墻實(shí)施保護(hù)性恢復(fù)，充分尊重歷史風(fēng)貌，最大程度地保留歷史遺跡。建筑二次加固改造部分，“活”化利用，保留二次加建的玻璃頂同時(shí)采用古樸自然的木飾面遮住北京華清安地建筑結(jié)構(gòu)加固“新”墻面，營(yíng)造新舊空間的反差與碰撞，使老建筑釀出新滋味。

During the renovation and renewal of the century-old building in Dongguan Street, Dalian, the primary problem is: under the strict regulations on the protection of historical buildings, how to do not destroy the original building's appearance, structure and walls showing historical marks, and at the same time deal with the relationship between the "new" and "old" to restore its former prosperity and vitality. In this process, it is necessary to follow the historical context and respect the ancient architecture. The atrium of the building is the core of the space, which is visually bright and open, and the unique porch structure connects the whole space, and the old brick walls of the facade are within the scope of historical building protection. We have repaired and preserved the wooden beam structure of the outer corridor, and implemented protective restoration of the old brick wall, fully respecting the historical style and preserving the historical relics to the greatest extent.

通過重新規(guī)劃空間布局，打通門洞，將原本獨(dú)立的三個(gè)空間連接起來，提升空間的流動(dòng)性，使各個(gè)區(qū)域都能與中庭互動(dòng)，從而改善空間簡(jiǎn)單、一層和二層狹長(zhǎng)擁擠的狀況。同時(shí)，利用中庭的良好采光，通過門洞將自然光柔和地引入一、二層室內(nèi)空間。當(dāng)人們游覽其中時(shí)，以門洞為界限，一層的史館空間顯得幽暗而沉浸，二層的公館會(huì)客區(qū)則溫馨親和。穿過門洞后，視線豁然開朗，形成豐富的視覺體驗(yàn)。

By re-planning the space layout, opening the door, connecting the three independent Spaces, improving the mobility of the space, so that each area can interact with the atrium, thus improving the simple space, the narrow and crowded situation of the first and second floors. At the same time, using the good lighting of the atrium, the natural light is gently introduced into the first and second floor indoor space through the door. When people visit it, with the door as the boundary, the history museum space on the first floor appears dark and immersed, and the reception area of the residence on the second floor is warm and friendly. After passing through the door, the line of sight suddenly opens up, forming a rich visual experience.

由于建筑空間狹長(zhǎng)，增加展架會(huì)使空間顯得更加擁擠，而墻面兩側(cè)的懸掛展示方式過于單一，無法全面呈現(xiàn)東關(guān)街的歷史。考慮到建筑本身窗洞排列規(guī)律且進(jìn)深較寬的特點(diǎn)，這為展示提供了天然的平臺(tái)。通過在不破壞原有歷史結(jié)構(gòu)的前提下，利用老建筑的窗洞嵌入東關(guān)街歷史的展示功能，可以創(chuàng)造出新的展覽空間，并增強(qiáng)展覽的節(jié)奏感。同時(shí)，作為歷史建筑一部分的窗洞也從側(cè)面反映了東關(guān)街的歷史，兩者相結(jié)合能夠從多個(gè)角度還原和展示東關(guān)街的歷史風(fēng)貌。

Due to the narrow and long building space, the addition of exhibition shelves will make the space appear more crowded, and the hanging display mode on both sides of the wall is too simple, unable to fully present the history of Dongguan Street. Considering the regular arrangement and wide depth of the window holes in the building, it provides a natural platform for display. Under the premise of not destroying the original historical structure, using the window holes of the old building to embed the historical display function of Dongguan Street, a new exhibition space can be created and the sense of rhythm of the exhibition can be enhanced. At the same time, the window holes as part of the historical building also reflect the history of Dongguan Street from the side, and the combination of the two can restore and display the historical style of Dongguan Street from multiple angles.

項(xiàng)目名稱：大連東關(guān)街歷史史館保護(hù)改造

項(xiàng)目類型：室內(nèi)改造設(shè)計(jì)

建筑面積：400平方米

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間：2023.9—2024.5

建造時(shí)間：2024.5—2024.7

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